25% may experience moderate-severe impairment and dementia
HF severity is linked to CI severity
(Dadiotis, E., et al., 2012)
CI puts patients at risk for:
Failure to recognize early symptoms of HF decline, delaying timely medical attention
(Vinson et al 1990; Bennett et al 1997; Chin and Goldman 1997; Cline et al 1999; Ekman et al 2001)
Non-adherence to recommended therapy and dietary guidelines
Medication mismanagement
Increased risk of re-hospitalization
Progressive physical disability
Higher medical costs
Higher mortality
(Zuccala et al 2001b, 2003; Hutt et al 2003; Rozzini and Sabatinin 2004)
What physiological processes may cause cognitive impairment in HF?
